What Every Parent Should Know About Concussions

by Christina C. Walker, MD, Lexington Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine

Whether they happen while playing sports or taking a tumble at home, concussions can be serious. Researchers are learning more about long-term effects of the injury and the serious consequences of returning to sports or activities too soon after a concussion. 

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury when the brain is shaken or bounces in the skull causing a temporary disturbance of brain function. It can be caused by a direct blow to the head or a blow to the body that causes the head to turn quickly.  It’s important to that not all concussions result in a loss of consciousness. 

Here are the signs of concussion you should look for:

• Drowsiness
• Headache
• Loss of consciousness
• Memory loss
• Irritability
• Confusion
• Balance problems, dizziness
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Difficulty speaking and communicating
• Difficulty maintaining mental focus
• Depression
• Nausea and vomiting
• Changes in sleep patterns

If your child experiences a potential concussion, it is best to have them evaluated by an experienced medical professional, as symptoms can often be delayed or difficult to detect.  

During the evaluation, the provider will ask questions about the injury and how it occurred. They may ask how severe the force was and whether you lost consciousness or had memory loss after the blow. 

The provider will most likely perform a neurological examination, which tests for issues with balance, coordination, vision, hearing, and reflexes.

Concussions are treated with physical  and cognitive rest. Reading, computer work, video games — even television — should be in moderation until all symptoms have resolved.  A gradual return to normal activities is recommended.  Recovery can take days to weeks and may be longer in younger patients. 

If your child experiences a concussion, it is best to stop activity until fully cleared by a medical professional with concussion management experience. Returning to play too soon can result in re injury, which can be dangerous, and worsening symptoms.


Christina C. Walker, MD, Lexington Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine